Shared Resources: Human Neural Stem Cell Laboratory

With increasing evidence of the inadequacy of animal models to faithfully recapitulate all aspects of human diseases, the need for a reliable and robust human disease model has been growing. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), our ability to generate them from any individual, irrespective of age and disease condition, and further use them to create any cell type of the human body will fulfill this need. In addition, iPSCs allow the generation of individual-specific disease models that may be used for customized drug screening, cell therapy, etc., making personalized medicine a distinct future possibility. At the Human Neural Stem Cell Laboratory (HNSCL), we utilize iPSCs to develop and optimize protocols that generate reliable and robust in vitro 3D models (called organoids) of normal and anomalous human brains. Brain region-specific organoids derived from control, genetically modified, and patient-specific human iPSCs allow the study of specific pediatric brain tumors and other debilitating neurological disorders within the context of a human microenvironment.

Through multiple collaborations within the department, HNSCL has demonstrated the utility of iPSC-based models of specific regions of the human brain (organoids) in recapitulating and modeling physiologically significant aspects of brain tumors and neurodevelopmental disorders. From faithful recreation of patient-specific retinoblastomas to discovering a novel, evolutionarily conserved neuroprotective pathway in humans, we have shown that iPSC-derived brain organoids have broad applications. To date, we have developed protocols to generate human cortical, retinal, thalamic, cerebellar and spinal cord organoids, as well as assembloids to model circuitry.

In addition to developing methods and tools to generate and validate organoids, we constantly update our existing protocols in keeping with advances in the field to improve the efficiency, reliability and physiological relevance of our model systems. We also employ a rigorous battery of assays to validate the iPSCs we use for various projects. This includes quantitative RT-PCR and immunostaining for pluripotency markers, Trilineage differentiation assay, Methylation analysis, karyotyping and copy number variation analysis.